MICROBIOLOGY AND HYGIENE

Microbiology.
Evolution of microorganisms and microbiology. The bacteria: cell
structure, classification, reproduction, sporogenesis and germination,
metabolism, cultivation, genetics, mechanisms of pathogenicity. The
fungi: yeasts, moulds. The parasites: protozoa, metazoa. The viruses:
chemical composition and structure, classification, replication,
interference, cultivation and quantitation, mechanisms of pathogenicity.
General outlines on infectious diseases: endogenous infections,
exogenous infections. Innate and adaptative immunity against infections.
Principles of direct and indirect microbiological diagnosis. Antibacterial
drugs. Antifungal drugs. Antiparasitic drugs. Antiviral drugs. Mechanisms
of resistance of pathogenic agents to anti-infective drugs. Principles of
drug sensitivity testing of pathogenic agents to anti-infective drugs.
Prevention of infectious diseases: active immunity, passive immunity.
The mouth as a microbial habitat. The resident oral microbial population.
Acquisition, adhesion, distribution and metabolism of the oral microbial
population. Dental plaque. Dental caries. Periodontal diseases. Oral
bacterial infections. Oral fungal infections. Oral viral infections. Therapy
and prophylaxis of oral infections. Cross-infection control in dentistry.
Microbiological principles for disinfection and sterilization.
Hygiene.
Epidemiological Methodology
History and applications of the epidemiology. The sources of the
statistical-epidemiological data. The main measures in epidemiology:
proportions and rates; incidence and prevalence; mortality and lethality.
The standardization of the rates. Epidemiological measures of risk:
attributable risk, relative risk.
The epidemiological studies: ecological, cross-sectional, case-control,
cohort studies. The experimental therapeutic and preventive studies.
The appraisal of effectiveness of the medical participations; ethical
aspects and of privacy.