PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY
cod. 08718

Academic year 2007/08
5° year of course - First semester
Professor
Academic discipline
Anatomia patologica (MED/08)
Field
Discipline anatomo-patologiche e correlazioni anatomo-cliniche
Type of training activity
Characterising
40 hours
of face-to-face activities
5 credits
hub:
course unit
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Learning objectives

Study of the structural alterations induced by diseases in the organs, cells and molecules as a basis for the evaluation of the etiology and pathogenesis, prognosis and choice of therapeutic options. Additionally, the student will learn the function of Pathological Anatomy in modern clinical medicine, and the diagnostic applications of the techniques currently in use in the discipline, including cytology, immunohistochemistry, molecular biology applied to the tissue and electron microscopy.  With these goals in mind, the course involves the study of the pathological anatomy of the central nervous system, the head-neck district, the hemolymphopoietic/spleen/thymus system, the mediastinum, the female genital system and pregnancy, the mammary gland, the skin, bone and soft tissue, the testicles and biliary tract.

Prerequisites

Basic knowledge of:<br />
NORMAL HUMAN ANATOMY<br />
HISTOLOGY<br />
GENERAL PATHOLOGY<br />
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

Course unit content

<p> SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY.<br />
Learning of the fundamental elements of etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, macro- and microscopic pathological morphology, as well as anatomical/clinical correlations of lesions to the following systems:<br />
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Oedema, herniation, hydrocephalus, Cerebral oedema, Herniation, Hydrocephalus, Vascular diseases, Global hypoxic ischemic Encephalopathy, Infarction, Intracranial hemorrhage, Primary parenchymal hemorrhage, Subarachnoid hemorrhage and hemorrhage due to saccular aneurysm, Vascular malformations, Congenital malformations and perinatal damage, Neural tube defects, Disorders associated with hydrocephalus, Perinatal damage, Infections, Epidural and subdural infections, Meningitis, Parenchymal infections, Abscesses, TBC and toxoplasmosis, Viral encephalitis, Spongiform Encephalopathy, Neoplasms, Primitive neoplasms, Primitive neuroglial neoplasms (gliomas), Astrocytomas, Oligodendrogliomas, Ependymomas, Embryonal tumours (PNET, medulloblastomas), Neuronal neoplasms, Gangliocytomas, Neurocytomas, Meningiomas, Secondary neoplasms, Degenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Demyelinizing diseases, Multiple sclerosis, HEAD-NECK: ORAL CAVITY: Leukoplakia and erythroplakia, Carcinoma; RINOFARINGE: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; SALIVARY GLANDS: Inflammation, Sialadenitis (lithiasic and non), Sjogren’s Syndrome, Tumours: Pleomorphic ademona; Warthin’s tumour (Adenolymphoma);Mucoepidermoid carcinoma; cystadenocarcinoma; Acinic cell carcinoma; LARYNX: Polyps, Papilloma, papillomatosis, Carcinoma. HEMOLYMPHOPOIETIC SYSTEM, LYMPH NODES AND BLOOD: Reactive proliferations, neoplastic proliferations, Non Hodgkin lymphomas, From B and T precursors, B lymphoblastic lymphoma, T lymphoblastic lymphoma, peripheral B-cell and plasma cell lymphomas, small lymphocyte lymphomas LLC tumours, Follicular lymphomas, Large B-cell lymphomas, Burkitt’s lymphoma, Multiple myelomas, solitary myelomas, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, Maltomas, peripheral T-cell lymphomas, L. T periferici, non-specific T-cell lymphomas, Fungoid mycosis, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Nodular sclerosis, Mixed cellularity, lymphocyte predominance, Myeloid neoplasms, Leukemia: organ consequences, disseminated intravasal coagulation: organ consequences. SPLEEN: Splenomegaly, Neoplasms. THYMUS: Hyperplasms, Neoplasms; MEDIASTINUM: Subdivision of the mediastinic regions, Inflammatory diseases, Cysts, Tumours: Thyroid/parathyroid, Thymus, Type A germinal cells, Lymphomas, Neurogenous, Metastatic. FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM. VULVA: Vulvar distrophy: Sclero-atrophic lichen, squamous hyperplasia, Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), Carcinoma: variants, grading, stadiation, Extramammary Paget’s Disease. UTERUS: Cervix, Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN), Squamocellular carcinoma: variants, grading, stadiation; Cervical adenocarcinoma: Variants, grading, stadiation, Endometrium, Adenomyosis; endometriosis; endometrial hyperplasia; polyps; Adenocarcinoma: variants, grading, stadiation; Mesenchymal tumours: leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma; stromal tumour. OVARIES: Non neoplastic and functional ovarian cysts; ovarian neoplasms: variants, grading, stadiation; Germinal cell tumours; Tumours of the gonadic stroma and sex cords PREGNANCY AND PLACENTA: Trophoblastic diseases of pregnancy: hydatiform mola; invasive mole; choriocarcinoma; trophoblastic tumour of the implant site; Placenta diseases: Inflammations, placental anomalies; twin placentas. MAMMARY GLAND: Diseases of the galactophorous ducts; Duct ectasia; Diseases of the Lobe-Terminal Ducts (TDLU); Cystic fibroadenosis; Fibrosis; Adenosis, simple and sclerosing; Cysts; Epithelial hyperplasia: Typical, Atypical (ductal, lobular, cil. cell); Sclero-elastic lesion. Tumours: Fibroadenoma, Papilloma (solitary, multiple), Phylloid tumour, Carcinoma: Ductale in situ, Lobular in situ, Invasive (Various types), Lesions of the male mammary gland, Gynecomastia, Carcinoma. BILIARY TRACT: Gall bladder diseases. Non neoplastic: Cholelithiasis, Cholesterolosis, Cholecystitis, Neoplastic (and preneoplastic): Hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, benign tumours, malignant tumours, Adenocarcinoma. Diseases of the intrahepatic biliary tract: Secondary biliary cirrhosis, Primary biliary cirrhosis, Primary sclerosing cholangitis. Diseases of the extrahepatic biliary tract. Non neoplastic: Choledocal cysts, Choledocolithiasis, Ascending cholangitis, Sclerosing cholangitis, Benign stenosis of the biliary tract, Neoplastic, Carcinoma. SKIN: Non melanocytic tumours: Actinic keratosis, Squamocellular carcinoma, Basocellular carcinoma. Melanocytic tumours: Nevi and melanomas. Cutaneous lymphomas : Fungoid mycosis. Skin lesions: Benign fibrohistiocytoma, Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, Kaposi’s Sarcoma. BONES AND TUMOURS OF THE SOFT TISSUE. BONES: Non tumoral bone diseases. Congenital and hereditary diseases: Achondroplasia, Imperfect osteogenesis, Osteopetrosis, Osteoporosis and acquired metabolic diseases, Osteomyelitis, Paget’s disease of bone. Tumours. General details. (WHO 2002) classification, terminology, epidemiology and etiopathogenesis, Grading and staging. Cartilagineous tumours: Osteochondroma, Chondroma, Chondrosarcoma. Osteogenetic tumours: Osteoid osteoma, Osteogenic sarcoma, Ewing’s Sarcoma, Giant cell tumours of bone, Bone metastases. Other: Aneurismatic cysts, simple cysts, Benign fibro-osseus lesions. SKELETAL MUSCLE: Muscular atrophy, Myasthenia gravis, Inflammatory myopathy, Muscular dystrophy. SOFT TISSUE. Tumours: General details. Classification (WHO 2002), terminology. Epidemiology and etiopathogenesis. Grading and staging. Adipocyte tumours: Lipoma, Liposarcoma. Fibroblastic-myofibroblastic tumours: Fasciitis, Fibromatosis, Fibrosarcoma. Fibrohistiocytic tumours: Benign fibrous histiocytoma, Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Smooth muscle tumours; leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma. Tumours of the skeletal muscle: Rhabdomyoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma. Vascular tumours: Hemangioma, Lymphangioma, Angiosarcoma, Kaposi’s Sarcoma, Tumours of infancy tumours, Sinovial sarcoma. TESTICLES: Tumours. Germ cell tumours: Seminoma, Embryonic Carcinoma, Choriocarcinoma, Teratomas (Mature, Immature), Mixed tumours. Tumours of the gonadic stroma and sex cords: Leydig cell tumours, Sertoli cell tumours, Granulous cell tumours. AMYLOIDOSIS: Definition, Classification, Tissue alterations.<br />
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Full programme

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Bibliography

<span class="datiriga">RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS:<br />
<br />
Kumar V., Abbas A.K., Fausto N.<br />
ROBBINS e COTTRAN LE BASI PATOLOGICHE DELLE MALATTIE 7° Ed. Elsevier, 2006<br />
 <br />
Kumar V., Cottran R.S., Robbins S.L.<br />
ROBBINS ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA 7° Ed. Edizioni Mediche Scientifiche Internazionali, Roma, 2005<br />
<br />
Mariuzzi G.M. ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA E CORRELAZIONI ANATOMOCLINICHE.  Piccin Nuova Libraria, Padova, 2006<br />
<br />
Rubin E., Gorstein F., Rubin R., Schwarting R.,Stayer D. RUBIN PATOLOGIA. Fondamenti clinicopatologici in malattia. CEA, Milano, 2006<br />
<br />
Gallo P., D’Amati G. ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA SISTEMATICA. UTET, Torino, 2007</span><br />
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Teaching methods

Teachers:<br />
SSD MED/08: Prof.Cesare Bordi (Coordinator), Prof.Enrico Maria Silini, Prof.Guido Rindi, Prof.Giovanna Giordano, Prof.Domenico Corradi

Assessment methods and criteria

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Other information

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