VETERINARY NORMAL ANATOMY
Learning outcomes of the course unit
Students are expected to know about the macro and microscopic organisation of the various apparatuses of the species of veterinary medical interest, also from a comparative point of view.
Prerequisites
Previous courses in Histology, Embryology are compulsory.
Course contents summary
The language of Anatomy: directional terms and planes. Head, Neck, Trunk (Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis, Back) Tail, Thoracic and Pelvic Limbs. Techniques of the anatomical dissection.
Systematic Anatomy. Osteology: general details. Axial Skeleton. Bones of the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Practical class osteology room.
Arthrology: general details. The joints of the cranium, spinal column, thoracic and pelvic limbs. Practical class: dissection of the joints. Myology: general details on muscles The muscles of the head, neck, trunk and thoracic and pelvic limbs. Practical class: dissection of the muscles.
Splancnology.
Digestive apparatus. Oral cavity: morphology, structure, species peculiarities. Teeth, tongue: morphology, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities. Salivary glands: morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities.Pharynx, esophagus: morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities. Abdominal cavity: morphology. species peculiarities. Peritoneum: morphology, structure. Pelvic cavity: morphology, organisation of the pelvic diaphragm, species peculiarities. Stomach (monogastric and polygastric): morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities. Small intestine, large intestine, anal canal: morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities. Liver and pancreas: morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities. Practical class: in situ observation, evisceration, microscopical anatomy.
Respiratory apparatus. Nostrils, nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses: morphology, structure, species peculiarities. Larinx: morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities. Trachea, bronchi: morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities. Lungs: morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities. Thoracic cavuty: morphology. species peculiarities. Pleura: morphology, structure. Practical class: in situ observation, evisceration, microscopical anatomy.
Urogenital apparatus. Urinary organs. Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra: morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities. Practical class: in situ observation, evisceration, microscopical anatomy.
Male genital organs. Testis, testicular sheath, spermatic cord, epididymis: morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities. Deferent duct: species peculiarities course, blood supply, innervation, structure. Accessory genital glands: morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities. Pelvic urethra: morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, specie peculiarities. Penis:morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities. Practical class: in situ observation, evisceration, microscopical anatomy.
Female genital organs. Ovary: morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities. Uterine tube, uterus:morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities. Vagina, vestibule, external female genitalia: morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities. Practical class: in situ observation, evisceration, microscopical anatomy.
Endocrine glands. Hypophysis, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland: morphology, topography, relations, blood supply, innervation, structure, species peculiarities.Pancreatic islets, APUD cell system: morphology, structure. Practical class: in situ observation, evisceration, microscopical anatomy.
Angiology. Cardiovascular sy
Recommended readings
Texts and atlases recommended:
Systemic and comparative anatomy texts:
BARONE R.: Anatomia comparata dei mammiferi domestici, Voll 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (parte prima e parte seconda), 6, Edagricole, Bologna, 2003-2006.
DYCE K.M., SACK W.O., WENSING C.J:G: Testo Atlante di Anatomia Veterinaria, Delfino Editore Roma, 2006.
GETTY R.: Anatomia degli animali domestici di Sisson e Grossman, Piccin, Padova, 1982.
KONIGH H.E., LIEBICH H.G.: Anatomia dei mammiferi domestici. Piccin, Padova, 2006.
NICKEL R., SCHUMMER A., SEIFERLE E.: Trattato di Anatomia degli Animali Domestici, Voll 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Ambrosiana, Milano, 1991.
PELAGALLI G.V., BOTTE V.: Anatomia veterinaria sistematica e comparata, Voll 1, 2, Edi Ermes, Milano, 1999.
Locomotor apparatus atlas:
BARONE R.: Atlante di osteo-artro-miologia del cavallo e del bovino, Edagricole, Bologna, 1987.
Gross Anatomy atlases:
ASHDOWN R.R., DONE S.H.: Atlante di Anatomia Veterinaria, Vol. 1 Ruminanti, Vol. 2 Il Cavallo, USES, Firenze, 1988.
BARONE R.: Il Cavallo - Anatomia pratica e topografica, Edagricole, Bologna, 1987.
BOYD J.S.: Atlante a colori di Anatomia clinica del cane del gatto, Masson, Milano,1994.
DONE. S.H., GOODY P.C., EVANS S.A., STICKLAND N.C.: Atlante di Anatomia del cane e del gatto. Elsevier Srl, Torino, 2010.
POPESKO P.: Atlante di Anatomia topografica degli animali domestici, Grasso, Bologna, 1997.
Microascopic anatomy texts-atlases:
BANKS W.J.: Istologia e Anatomia Microscopica Veterinaria, Piccin, Padova, 1991.
DELLMAN H.D., BROWN E.M.: Istologia e Anatomia Microscopica Veterinaria, Grasso, Bologna, 1981.
Microscopic Anatomy atlas:
BACHA W.J., WOOD L.M.: Atlante a colori di Istologia Veterinaria, Delfino, Roma, 1997.
Teaching methods
Theoretical and practical training. Learning activities involve classroom lectures and practical activities. The latter, carried out with the students divided into groups, are designed to provide the student with a hands-on view of macroscopic organisation (through dissection) and microscopic organisation (by observation under optical microscope) of the organs of the animals.
Assessment methods and criteria
Practical test and oral examination.
