HYGIENE
cod. 12308

Academic year 2009/10
5° year of course - Second semester
Professor
Academic discipline
Igiene generale e applicata (MED/42)
Field
Medicina e sanita pubblica e degli ambienti di lavoro e scienze medico legali
Type of training activity
Characterising
44 hours
of face-to-face activities
5.5 credits
hub:
course unit
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Learning objectives

<br />The course includes all aspects concerning epidemiology and general and special prevention, environmental hygiene and health organisation and programming. At the end of the course the student should be familiar with the meaning of health indicators and with the general health situation of our country, possess knowledge of epidemiological methodology for reading and interpreting scientific works, be familiar with the basic concepts of prophylaxis of infectious and non-infectious diseases, have general knowledge of organisation, programming and health economics, environmental hygiene, food and nutritional hygiene and hospital hygiene.<br /><br /> 

Prerequisites

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Course unit content

<br />       <br />General concepts of hygiene, health and health education <br />  General epidemiology:<br /> a)importance of infectious diseases today<br />b)host-parasite relationship, reservoirs of infection, methods of transmission<br /> c)infection chains, how infectious diseases appear in the population<br />General prophylaxis:<br /> d)notification, quarantine measures, diagnostic investigation of infectious diseases<br /> d)sterilisation, disinfection, disinfestation<br /> e)vaccine prophylaxis; types of vaccines; vaccine strategies and schedules<br />General prophylaxis:<br /> c)notification, quarantine measures, diagnostic investigation of infectious diseases<br /> d)sterilisation, disinfection, disinfestation<br /> passive immune prophylaxis and chemical prophylaxis<br /> General concepts of hygiene, health and health education <br /><br />a) State of health of a population, protection and promotion of health<br />b) Levels and types of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention<br />c) Health education: programming, conducting and evaluating interventions<br /><br />2 - Health organisation and health planning Health economics and management <br /><br />a) International health organisation<br />b) Italian national and regional health organisation: from Italian law act L 833/78 to devolution<br />c) Hospital and territorial organisation of the SSN (Italian National Health Service )( Local Health Units prevention Department, districts)<br />d) Elements of health programming: national and regional health plans<br />e)    Introduction to health economics and organisation: what an organisation is; operational proceeds and income; costs of production and consumption processes.<br />f)    Health economics; the content of the discipline; notions of efficiency, efficacy and equity; health protection and health policies.<br />g)    Organisation: systemic analysis; the organisation as a system; organisational variables and context variables; organisational planning; clinical autonomy; customisation of services.<br />h)   Coordination processes in the health service: the balance sheet of the Hospital Enterprise; planning and programming tools; budget and final balance; purposes and principles of drawing up the balance sheet.<br /><br />3. Epidemiological methodology<br /><br />a) History and applications of epidemiology. The sources of statistical-epidemiological data<br />b) Descriptive epidemiological measures: raw, specific and standardised rates<br />c) Epidemiological measures of risk and cause-effect relationships<br />d) Ecological, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies<br />e) Therapeutic and preventive experimental studies. Testing of new drugs and vaccines<br />f) Design of the study, data collection methods, ethical and privacy aspects<br />g) Coding and analysis of data. Assessment of data quality, bias in epidemiology<br /><br />4. Epidemiology and general prophylaxis of infectious diseases <br />a) Host-parasite relationships, sources and reservoirs of infection, methods of transmission<br />b) Notification, quarantine measures, diagnostic investigation of infectious diseases<br />c) Sterilisation, disinfection, disinfestation<br />d) Vaccine prophylaxis. Types of vaccines, vaccine strategies and schedules<br />e) Passive immune prophylaxis and chemical prophylaxis<br /><br />5. Epidemiology and special prophylaxis of infectious diseases<br />a) Epidemiology and prevention of airborne diseases<br />b) Epidemiology and prevention of parenterally and sexually transmitted diseases<br />c) Epidemiology and prevention of oro-faecally transmitted diseases<br />d) Epidemiology and prevention of diseases transmitted by vectors and zoonosis<br />e) Epidemiology and prevention of vertically transmitted diseases<br />f) Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. The bioterrorism risk.<br />g) Epidemiology and prevention of infectious diseases in relation to travel medicine<br /><br />h) Epidemiology and prevention of opportunistic and nosocomial infections<br /><br /><br />6.! Non-infectious diseases: epidemiology, prevention<br />a) Main risk factors of chronic diseases and their removal<br />b) Screening tests: theory and practical applications in Italy<br />c) Epidemiology and prevention of cardiovascular diseases <br />d) Epidemiology and prevention of malignant tumours<br />e) Epidemiology and prevention of the other more important non-infectious diseases<br />f) Epidemiology and prevention of alcoholism and drug addictions<br />g) Epidemiology and prevention of road, domestic and work accidents<br /><br /><br />7. Environmental hygiene<br />a) Air, climates and atmospheric pollutions: effects on health<br />b) Ionizing and non-ionizing radiations: effects on health<br />c) Indoor air hygiene: microclimate, pollution, lighting and noise<br />d) Solid waste: classification, collection, removal and disposal<br />e) Hygiene of ground and water: daily water requirements, supplies, pollution<br />f) Water: potability criteria, correction of unfavourable parameters, making water drinkable<br />g) Waste water: collection, removal and disposal<br /><br /><br />8. Nutritional and food hygiene<br />a) Food as pathogen carrier: infections, toxic infections, intoxications<br />b) Methods of decontamination, preservation and microbiological control of foods <br />c) Physical chemical control methods: adulterations, doctoring, alterations; additives.<br />d) The HACCP system<br />e) Nutritional hygiene: daily food requirements and diseases from incorrect diet<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />

Full programme

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Bibliography

Signorelli C: Igiene, epidemiologia e sanità pubblica (Secrets, II ediz.). SEU, Roma, 2005.<br />¿ Barbuti S, Bellelli E, Fara GM, Giammanco G. Igiene e medicina preventiva (4° ediz). Monduzzi, Bologna, 2003.<br />

Teaching methods

<br />Oral lesson<br />Oral exam<br /> <br /><br />Teachers:<br />SSD MED/42: Prof.Maria Luisa Tanzi (Coordinator), Prof.Carlo Signorelli, Prof.Cesira Pasquarella

Assessment methods and criteria

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Other information

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