DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSPORT TECHNIQUES
cod. 14688

Academic year 2007/08
3° year of course - First semester
Professor
Academic discipline
Indefinito/interdisciplinare (NN)
Field
Altro
Type of training activity
More
16 hours
of face-to-face activities
2 credits
hub: -
course unit
in - - -

Learning objectives

to provide the tools and the information necessary for a correct design of the packaging

Prerequisites

None

Course unit content

<br />DISTRIBUTION CYCLE DEFINITION: INTRODUCTION. Packaging history. Glossary and relevant examples. Definitions after EU Directive. Repeatability and reproducibility. European and National Standardization Bodies. Law – standard – rule. Statistical Data. Modern packaging. Packaging sectors. Packaging situation in Italy. The five steps for the packaging development. DISTRIBUTION CYCLE. Logistics. Analysis of a typical distribution cycle. Mechanical and environmental loads during the different cycle phases. Environmental information collection. Analysis of the ISO 4178 standard. Correlation between parameters variation and risks and analysis of costs/benefit. Mechanical loads: compression, vertical and horizontal shocks, vibrations. Simplified environment definition. STANDARD DEFINITION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. Analysis of the IEC Standards 60721. IEC 60721-1: classification of the environmental conditions. Environmental parameters. IEC 60721-3-0: severity of the environmental parameters. IEC 60721-3-1: storage. IEC 60721-3-2: transportation.<br />FRAGILITY: SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM OSCILLATING SYSTEM. Equilibrium equation with excitation of the mass and through the base. Laplace and Fourier transformation of the equilibrium equations. Analysis of the main transfer functions. Transmissibility function. Natural frequency and amplification. SHOCK AND VIBRATIONS. Vibrations: sources and types. Sinusoidal, stationary random vibrations, transient random vibration and transient impulsive vibration. Statistical distribution of the instantaneous values. Power Spectral Density and Shock Response Spectrum. Resonance. Response to stationary and transient vibrations. SHOCK AND VIBRATIONS STRENGTH. Fragility of a product. Damage definition. Fragility to the shocks. Determination of the fragility curve: peak acceleration/velocity change. Analysis of the ASTM D 3332 standard. Fragility to the vibrations. <br />MATERIALS SELECTION: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF PACKAGING WASTES. European Directives. Environmental Analysis of the six sectors: alluminium, glass, paper, plastic, steel, wood. Environmental impacts evaluation. Example of the polyethylene environmental balance. Waste environmental management in Italy. CONAI toll. Waste environmental management in the European Community. CEN standards. PAPER. Raw materials and paper and paperboard types. Production process of paper and paperboard packaging. Environmental impact. Input/output balance. STEEL. Raw materials and plated steel types. Environmental impact. ALLUMINIUM. Main applications. Flexible packaging production, cans. Input/output balance. GLASS. Raw materials and main glass types. Production cycle. Environmental impact. PLASTIC. Main polymers for packaging applications. Films, trays, foils, bottles, coatings. Environmental impact. WOOD. Raw materials and main packaging types. UNI Italian Standards. Construction types and components of the packaging. PACKAGING MACHINERY. Types. Design criteria of a packaging production line. Actual productive running time. Actual efficiency variation. Accumulators. Run speed. Development phases of a machine.<br />DESIGN OF A PACKAGING PROTOTYPE: PACKAGING FUNCTIONS. Contain function. Protect/Preserve function, Food preservation. Refrigeration system. Trasportation. Inform/sell function. APPLIED PACKAGING. Carded display packaging. Chub packs. Fiber cans. Collapsible tube types. Bottles. Bar code. Security labeling. Durable goods packaging. Pharmaceutical packaging. Good design rules. Europallet. Performance balance of Packaging/Product. TECHNICAL STANDARDS FOR TESTS OF PAPER AND PAPERBOARD. ASTM and TAPPI standards for paper and paperboard characterization. DANGEROUS GOODS TRASPORTATION. International standards for the transportation of dangerous goods. Italian Situation: DM 14.05.90 – DM 23.05.85 – DM 10.06.2004. ADR – ADN – ONU Recommendations – Civil liability Convention. Classification systems. GHS. PACKAGING DEVELOPMENT. The five steps for the packaging development. Environment definition. Determination of the product fragility. Design and production of the prototype, shock design, vibrations design, compression design. Evaluation of the response acceleration of a packaged product. Evaluation of the stiffness to reduce the effects of applied acceleration. Determination of the dynamic strength of a packaging. Use of the Shock Response Spectrum for the packaging design. PACKAGING DESIGN. Design phases. Framework of the Technical report. INTEGRATED DESIGN OF PRODUCT AND PACKAGING. Material choice. Qualification of the packaging prototype. Check list of the designer. Design specifications. Integrated design.<br />QUALIFICATION OF THE PACKAGING PROTOTYPE: EXPERIMENTAL TESTS ON PACKAGING. Requirements of the products distribution. Requirements for a suitable design. Development and fragility testing and qualification testing. Normal and accident loads. Fatigue resistance. Severity definition. TECHNICAL STANDARDS FOR EXERIMENTAL TESTS PERFORMANCE. Main CEN standards for packaging. Main ISO standards for packaging. ISO 4180/1 and 4180/2: General rules for the compilation of performance test schedules of complete and filled transport packages. ASTM standards. IEC standards for the correlation environment/tests. IEC 60721-4-0: Guide. IEC 60721-4-1: Storage. IEC 60721-4-2: Trasportation. PRODUCT CERTIFICATION. Certification and accreditation. ISO 9000 Standards for a Quality System Management for the design and production of packaging. Product Certification. CE marking. UNI CEI EN ISO/IEC 17025: General Requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories – Accreditation.<br /> 

Full programme

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Bibliography

<br />Libro bianco sull’imballaggio, Istituto Italiano Imballaggio, Milano, 1995.<br />Richard K.Brandenburg, Julian June-Ling Lee, Fundamentals of packaging dynamics, MTS System Corporation, Minneapolis, 1985.<br />Walter Soroka, Fundamentals of packaging technology, Institute of Packaging Professionals, Illinois, 1999.<br />Maurizio Boccacci Mariani, Massimo Medugno, Daniele Trombetta, La gestione degli imballaggi, Casa Editrice La Tribuna, Piacenza, 2002.<br />Gianfranco Vignati, Manuale di logistica, Hoepli, Milano, 2002.<br />C. M. Harris, C. E. Crede, "Shock and Vibration Handbook", Mc Graw Hill, 1988.<br />Gianfranco Mainardi “L’imballaggio industriale Italiano del legno”, Il Sole 24 Ore, Milano, 2001.

Teaching methods

frontal lectures and exercises / oral examination

Assessment methods and criteria

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Other information

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