GENERAL SURGERY
Learning outcomes of the course unit
The course is designed to teach students notions of surgical pathology that are an essential prerequisite for the clinical considerations that will be developed in successive years.
Prerequisites
none
Course contents summary
THYROID
Elements of embryology and anatomy
Thyroid and gout: epidemiology, symptomology, objective examination. Surgical indications.
The single thyroid nodule: epidemiology, anamnesis, diagnosis. Surgical indications.
Malign tumours: epidemiology, objective examination, symptoms, diagnostics, staging. Surgical indications.
ADRENAL GLANDS
Elements of embryology and anatomy
The Conn Syndrome, the Cushing Syndrome, Phaeochromocytoma: epidemiology, physiopathology, symptoms, objective indications, diagnosis. Surgical indications.
Carcinoma: epidemiology, physiopathology, symptoms, objective indications, diagnosis, staging. Surgical indications.
Incidentaloma: surgical indications.
OESOPHAGUS
Elements of anatomy and physiology
Oesophageal motility disorders:
• Dyskinesia: classification, symptomatology, diagnosis
• Acalasia: epidemiology, physiopathology, symptomatology, diagnosis, therapy.
Pulsion, traction and epiphrenic oesophageal diverticulae: pathogenesis, symptoms, complications, diagnosis, therapeutic principles
Benign and malignant tumours, classification, epidemiology, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, staging, therapeutic principles
DIAPHRAGM
Diaphragmatic hernia: classification
Hiatal, paraoesophageal and sliding hernia: anatomy of the hiatus and the gastro-oesophageal junction, physiopathology of gastro-oesophageal reflux, definition, epidemiology, classification.
STOMACH
Elements of anatomy.
Peptic ulcer: complications of surgical interest.
Intractability, haemorrhage, perforation, penetration, stenosis: symptoms, diagnosis, principles of surgical therapy
Benign neoplasms: classification, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, therapeutic principles
Malign neoplasms, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, routes for spread, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, staging, surgical solutions, prognosis
PANCREAS
Elements of anatomy and physiology
Acute pancreatitis: classification, epidemiology, etiology, physiopathology, symptoms, objective examination. Clinical parameters, development, complications. Diagnosis, medical and surgical indications, prognosis.
Pancreatic pseudocysts: definition, etiopathogenesis, development and complications, symptoms, diagnosis, therapy.
Tumours of the exocrine pancreas: epidemiology, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, staging, elements of therapy.
Hormone-secreting tumours: classification, symptoms, diagnosis, surgical indications.
BILE DUCTS
Cholecystic calculosis: definition, epidemiology, physiopathology, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, medical and surgical indications.
Cholelithiasis complications: classification.
Hepatocholic calculosis, acute cholecystitis, acute cholangitis, biliodigestive fistula, ileo-biliary fistula: classification, etiopathogenesis, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic elements.
Benign and malign stenosis: classification, etiopathogenesis, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic elements
Cholecystic neoplasms: etiopathogenesis, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic elements
LIVER
Benign tumours: classification, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic elements
Primitive malign tumours: epidemiology, classification, etiopathogenesis, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, staging, surgical indications.
Hepatic metastasis: symptoms, diagnosis, surgical indications
PORTAL HYPERTENSION
Elements of macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the portal system. Physiopathology. Etiology. Problems of surgical interest: classification
• Oesophageal varices: defin
Recommended readings
L. Okolicsanyi, A. Peracchia, L. Roncoroni. Malattie dell'apparato gastrointestinale. Milan. McGraw-Hill
Teaching methods
The course comprises frontal classroom lessons, e-learning lessons in which students gain access to the web by means of a password, and theoretical and practical exercises.
Assessment is performed by means of a multiple-response test, and an examination based on the discussion of a number of subjects in the syllabus.