Course unit content
THYROID <br />
Elements of embryology and anatomy <br />
Thyroid and gout: epidemiology, symptomology, objective examination. Surgical indications. <br />
The single thyroid nodule: epidemiology, anamnesis, diagnosis. Surgical indications. <br />
Malign tumours: epidemiology, objective examination, symptoms, diagnostics, staging. Surgical indications. <br />
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ADRENAL GLANDS <br />
Elements of embryology and anatomy <br />
The Conn Syndrome, the Cushing Syndrome, Phaeochromocytoma: epidemiology, physiopathology, symptoms, objective indications, diagnosis. Surgical indications. <br />
Carcinoma: epidemiology, physiopathology, symptoms, objective indications, diagnosis, staging. Surgical indications. <br />
Incidentaloma: surgical indications. <br />
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OESOPHAGUS <br />
Elements of anatomy and physiology <br />
Oesophageal motility disorders: <br />
• Dyskinesia: classification, symptomatology, diagnosis <br />
• Acalasia: epidemiology, physiopathology, symptomatology, diagnosis, therapy. <br />
Pulsion, traction and epiphrenic oesophageal diverticulae: pathogenesis, symptoms, complications, diagnosis, therapeutic principles <br />
Benign and malignant tumours, classification, epidemiology, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, staging, therapeutic principles <br />
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DIAPHRAGM <br />
Diaphragmatic hernia: classification <br />
Hiatal, paraoesophageal and sliding hernia: anatomy of the hiatus and the gastro-oesophageal junction, physiopathology of gastro-oesophageal reflux, definition, epidemiology, classification. <br />
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STOMACH <br />
Elements of anatomy. <br />
Peptic ulcer: complications of surgical interest. <br />
Intractability, haemorrhage, perforation, penetration, stenosis: symptoms, diagnosis, principles of surgical therapy <br />
Benign neoplasms: classification, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, therapeutic principles <br />
Malign neoplasms, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, routes for spread, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, staging, surgical solutions, prognosis <br />
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PANCREAS <br />
Elements of anatomy and physiology <br />
Acute pancreatitis: classification, epidemiology, etiology, physiopathology, symptoms, objective examination. Clinical parameters, development, complications. Diagnosis, medical and surgical indications, prognosis. <br />
Pancreatic pseudocysts: definition, etiopathogenesis, development and complications, symptoms, diagnosis, therapy. <br />
Tumours of the exocrine pancreas: epidemiology, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, staging, elements of therapy. <br />
Hormone-secreting tumours: classification, symptoms, diagnosis, surgical indications. <br />
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BILE DUCTS <br />
Cholecystic calculosis: definition, epidemiology, physiopathology, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, medical and surgical indications. <br />
Cholelithiasis complications: classification. <br />
Hepatocholic calculosis, acute cholecystitis, acute cholangitis, biliodigestive fistula, ileo-biliary fistula: classification, etiopathogenesis, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic elements. <br />
Benign and malign stenosis: classification, etiopathogenesis, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic elements <br />
Cholecystic neoplasms: etiopathogenesis, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic elements <br />
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LIVER <br />
Benign tumours: classification, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic elements <br />
Primitive malign tumours: epidemiology, classification, etiopathogenesis, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, staging, surgical indications. <br />
Hepatic metastasis: symptoms, diagnosis, surgical indications <br />
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PORTAL HYPERTENSION <br />
Elements of macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the portal system. Physiopathology. Etiology. Problems of surgical interest: classification <br />
• Oesophageal varices: definition, pathological anatomy, classification, diagnosis. Haemorrhagic complications, clinical considerations, diagnosis, principles of endoscopic and surgical therapy. <br />
• Splenomegalia and hypersplenism: definition, symptoms, diagnosis, therapeutic principles. <br />
• Ascites: definition, etiopathogenesis, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, complications, therapeutic principles. <br />
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SMALL INTESTINE <br />
Duodenal, jejunal-ileal diverticulae, and Meckel's diverticulum: notes on pathological anatomy, definition, etiopathogenesis, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, complications, therapeutic principles. <br />
Benign and malign tumours: classification, complications, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, surgical indications. <br />
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CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY INTESTINAL DISEASES <br />
Crohn's Disease and ulcerous rectocolitis: symptoms, diagnosis, complications of surgical interest, surgical indications. <br />
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ILEOCAECAL APPENDIX <br />
Acute appendicitis: epidemiology, etiology, development, symptoms, objective examination of the characteristic clinical situation. Symptoms and objective characteristics of the clinical variants. Diagnosis, therapeutic aspects. <br />
Chronic appendicitis: definition, symptoms, therapeutic principles. <br />
Appendicular mucocele: definition, symptoms, therapeutic principles. <br />
Tumours: classification, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic principles. <br />
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COLON-RECTUM: elements of anatomy and physiology <br />
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Diverticular disease: definitions, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, pathological anatomy, development and complications, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, surgical indications. <br />
Adenomatous polyps and familial polyposis: classification, epidemiology, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, development, elements of therapy. <br />
Malign tumours: classification, epidemiology, etiology, preventive treatment, method of spread, staging, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, complications, therapeutic principles, follow-up, prognosis. <br />
ANUS AND PERINEUM <br />
The anatomy and physiology of continence. <br />
Haemorrhoids, anal rhagades, perianal fistulae and abscesses: epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification, symptoms, objective examination, complications, diagnosis, therapeutic principles. <br />
Epidermal anal carcinoma: epidemiology, pathological anatomy, methods of spread, staging, symptoms, objective examination, diagnostics, therapeutic principles. <br />
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ACUTE ABDOMEN <br />
Definition, physiopathology of acute abdominal pain, causes of abdominal pain with regard to location, symptoms associated with pain, extra-abdominal diseases that may simulate acute abdomen. <br />
Intestinal occlusion: Classification. <br />
Mechanical and paralytic ileus: etiology, classification, physiopathology, symptoms, objective observations, diagnosis, therapeutic principles. <br />
Peritonitis: peritoneal anatomy, classification, etiopathogenesis, pathological anatomy, physiopathology, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic principles. <br />
DIGESTIVE HAEMORRHAGE <br />
Definition, classification. Etiology, clinical assessment, diagnosis. Therapeutic principles. <br />
ACUTE AND CHRONIC INTESTINAL ISCHAEMIA <br />
Elements of intestinal vascular anatomy. Physiopathology of the splanchnic arterial circuit. <br />
Definition, classification, etiology, pathological anatomy, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic principles. <br />
HERNIAS OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL <br />
Inguinal and crural hernia: elements of anatomy of the inguinal-crural region. Definition, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, classification, complications, pathological anatomy, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic principles. <br />
Umbilical, epigastric and lumbar hernias; Spigelio's hernia. Obturation: definition, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, complications, pathological anatomy, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic principles. <br />
Laparoceles: definition, development, symptoms, objective examination, complications, diagnosis, therapeutic principles <br />