GENERAL SURGERY
cod. 20853

Academic year 2008/09
3° year of course - Second semester
Professor
Academic discipline
Chirurgia generale (MED/18)
Field
Altro
Type of training activity
More
8 hours
of face-to-face activities
1 credits
hub: -
course unit
in - - -

Integrated course unit module: DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE AND ENDOCRINE APPARATUS

Learning objectives

The course is designed to teach students notions of surgical pathology that are an essential prerequisite for the clinical considerations that will be developed in successive years.

Prerequisites

none

Course unit content

THYROID <br />
Elements of embryology and anatomy <br />
Thyroid and gout: epidemiology, symptomology, objective examination. Surgical indications. <br />
The single thyroid nodule: epidemiology, anamnesis, diagnosis. Surgical indications. <br />
Malign tumours: epidemiology, objective examination, symptoms, diagnostics, staging. Surgical indications. <br />
<br />
ADRENAL GLANDS <br />
Elements of embryology and anatomy <br />
The Conn Syndrome, the Cushing Syndrome, Phaeochromocytoma: epidemiology, physiopathology, symptoms, objective indications, diagnosis. Surgical indications. <br />
Carcinoma: epidemiology, physiopathology, symptoms, objective indications, diagnosis, staging. Surgical indications. <br />
Incidentaloma: surgical indications. <br />
<br />
OESOPHAGUS <br />
Elements of anatomy and physiology <br />
Oesophageal motility disorders: <br />
• Dyskinesia: classification, symptomatology, diagnosis <br />
• Acalasia: epidemiology, physiopathology, symptomatology, diagnosis, therapy. <br />
Pulsion, traction and epiphrenic oesophageal diverticulae: pathogenesis, symptoms, complications, diagnosis, therapeutic principles <br />
Benign and malignant tumours, classification, epidemiology, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, staging, therapeutic principles <br />
<br />
DIAPHRAGM <br />
Diaphragmatic hernia: classification <br />
Hiatal, paraoesophageal and sliding hernia: anatomy of the hiatus and the gastro-oesophageal junction, physiopathology of gastro-oesophageal reflux, definition, epidemiology, classification. <br />
<br />
STOMACH <br />
Elements of anatomy. <br />
Peptic ulcer: complications of surgical interest. <br />
Intractability, haemorrhage, perforation, penetration, stenosis: symptoms, diagnosis, principles of surgical therapy <br />
Benign neoplasms: classification, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, therapeutic principles <br />
Malign neoplasms, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, routes for spread, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, staging, surgical solutions, prognosis <br />
<br />
<br />
PANCREAS <br />
Elements of anatomy and physiology <br />
Acute pancreatitis: classification, epidemiology, etiology, physiopathology, symptoms, objective examination. Clinical parameters, development, complications. Diagnosis, medical and surgical indications, prognosis. <br />
Pancreatic pseudocysts: definition, etiopathogenesis, development and complications, symptoms, diagnosis, therapy. <br />
Tumours of the exocrine pancreas: epidemiology, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, staging, elements of therapy. <br />
Hormone-secreting tumours: classification, symptoms, diagnosis, surgical indications. <br />
<br />
BILE DUCTS <br />
Cholecystic calculosis: definition, epidemiology, physiopathology, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, medical and surgical indications. <br />
Cholelithiasis complications: classification. <br />
Hepatocholic calculosis, acute cholecystitis, acute cholangitis, biliodigestive fistula, ileo-biliary fistula: classification, etiopathogenesis, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic elements. <br />
Benign and malign stenosis: classification, etiopathogenesis, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic elements <br />
Cholecystic neoplasms: etiopathogenesis, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic elements <br />
<br />
<br />
LIVER <br />
Benign tumours: classification, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic elements <br />
Primitive malign tumours: epidemiology, classification, etiopathogenesis, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, staging, surgical indications. <br />
Hepatic metastasis: symptoms, diagnosis, surgical indications <br />
<br />
PORTAL HYPERTENSION <br />
Elements of macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the portal system. Physiopathology. Etiology. Problems of surgical interest: classification <br />
• Oesophageal varices: definition, pathological anatomy, classification, diagnosis. Haemorrhagic complications, clinical considerations, diagnosis, principles of endoscopic and surgical therapy. <br />
• Splenomegalia and hypersplenism: definition, symptoms, diagnosis, therapeutic principles. <br />
• Ascites: definition, etiopathogenesis, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, complications, therapeutic principles. <br />
<br />
SMALL INTESTINE <br />
Duodenal, jejunal-ileal diverticulae, and Meckel's diverticulum: notes on pathological anatomy, definition, etiopathogenesis, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, complications, therapeutic principles. <br />
Benign and malign tumours: classification, complications, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, surgical indications. <br />
<br />
CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY INTESTINAL DISEASES <br />
Crohn's Disease and ulcerous rectocolitis: symptoms, diagnosis, complications of surgical interest, surgical indications. <br />
<br />
ILEOCAECAL APPENDIX <br />
Acute appendicitis: epidemiology, etiology, development, symptoms, objective examination of the characteristic clinical situation. Symptoms and objective characteristics of the clinical variants. Diagnosis, therapeutic aspects. <br />
Chronic appendicitis: definition, symptoms, therapeutic principles. <br />
Appendicular mucocele: definition, symptoms, therapeutic principles. <br />
Tumours: classification, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic principles. <br />
<br />
COLON-RECTUM: elements of anatomy and physiology <br />
<br />
<br />
Diverticular disease: definitions, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, pathological anatomy, development and complications, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, surgical indications. <br />
Adenomatous polyps and familial polyposis: classification, epidemiology, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, development, elements of therapy. <br />
Malign tumours: classification, epidemiology, etiology, preventive treatment, method of spread, staging, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, complications, therapeutic principles, follow-up, prognosis. <br />
ANUS AND PERINEUM <br />
The anatomy and physiology of continence. <br />
Haemorrhoids, anal rhagades, perianal fistulae and abscesses: epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification, symptoms, objective examination, complications, diagnosis, therapeutic principles. <br />
Epidermal anal carcinoma: epidemiology, pathological anatomy, methods of spread, staging, symptoms, objective examination, diagnostics, therapeutic principles. <br />
<br />
ACUTE ABDOMEN <br />
Definition, physiopathology of acute abdominal pain, causes of abdominal pain with regard to location, symptoms associated with pain, extra-abdominal diseases that may simulate acute abdomen. <br />
Intestinal occlusion: Classification. <br />
Mechanical and paralytic ileus: etiology, classification, physiopathology, symptoms, objective observations, diagnosis, therapeutic principles. <br />
Peritonitis: peritoneal anatomy, classification, etiopathogenesis, pathological anatomy, physiopathology, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic principles. <br />
DIGESTIVE HAEMORRHAGE <br />
Definition, classification. Etiology, clinical assessment, diagnosis. Therapeutic principles. <br />
ACUTE AND CHRONIC INTESTINAL ISCHAEMIA <br />
Elements of intestinal vascular anatomy. Physiopathology of the splanchnic arterial circuit. <br />
Definition, classification, etiology, pathological anatomy, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic principles. <br />
HERNIAS OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL <br />
Inguinal and crural hernia: elements of anatomy of the inguinal-crural region. Definition, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, classification, complications, pathological anatomy, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic principles. <br />
Umbilical, epigastric and lumbar hernias; Spigelio's hernia. Obturation: definition, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, complications, pathological anatomy, symptoms, objective examination, diagnosis, therapeutic principles. <br />
Laparoceles: definition, development, symptoms, objective examination, complications, diagnosis, therapeutic principles <br />

Full programme

- - -

Bibliography

L. Okolicsanyi, A. Peracchia, L. Roncoroni. Malattie dell'apparato gastrointestinale. Milan. McGraw-Hill<br />

Teaching methods

The course comprises frontal classroom lessons, e-learning lessons in which students gain access to the web by means of a password, and theoretical and practical exercises. <br />
Assessment is performed by means of a multiple-response test, and an examination based on the discussion of a number of subjects in the syllabus. <br />

Assessment methods and criteria

- - -

Other information

- - -