VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

BACTERIOLOGY
Shape, size, spatial arrangement.
Structure of the prokaryotic cell: nucleus, cytoplasm, cytoplasmatic inclusions, ribosomes, plasmids, cytoplasmatic membrane,
mesosomes, gram-positive and gram-negative walls, flagellum, adhesion organs, capsules, antigens.
Wall-defective bacteria: protoplasts, spheroplasts, L-forms.
Nutrition and metabolism: energy production, aerobiosis and anaerobiosis, respiration and fermentation, biosynthesis of the main
cell elements.
Culture: chemical-physical factors affecting bacterial replication, simple and complex, liquid and solid,
enriching and selective isolating culture media.
Reproduction: splitting, growth curve and chemical-physical factors affecting it.
Bacterial identification.
General taxonomic characteristics: staphylococci, streptococci, corynebacteria, bacilli, clostridia, listeriae,
actinomycetes, campylobacters, enterobacteria, moraxellae, bordetellae, neisseriae, pseudomonas, alcaligenes, aeromonas, vibrios,
yersiniae, pasteurellae, brucellae, hemophyli, spirochete, mycobacteria, rickettsias, chlamydias, mycoplasmas.
Genetics: mutations, recombinations, (transformation, conjugation, transduction), phagic conversion, R plasmids and
pathogenicity plasmids (pilus-like structures, Col, Ent, Hly).
Pathogenic action: pathogenicity, virulence, infectivity, receptivity, infection, disease, healthy carrier; pathogenicity factors
(adhesion structures, invasive factors, anti-phagocytic defence, endo- and exotoxin elaboration).
Genesis and evolution of an infectious disease: primary lesion, dissemination, tropisms.
Basic knowledge of disinfection: aims, limits, main classes of disinfectants.
Antibiotics: classes and mechanisms of action.
VIROLOGY
Chemical composition, size and structure of complex, cubic-helical symmetry viruses, capsid, capsomers, peplos,
peplomers
Bacteriophages: morphology and structure, lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle.
Interaction between viruses and eukaryotic cells attachment, penetration, replication, maturation, release
Culture: tissue cultures, cell cultures, animals, embryonated eggs. Viral replication culture and detection methods.
Virus titration: physical, biological, hemagglutination methods.
General taxonomic characteristics of DNA and RNA viruses .
Non-conventional infectious diseases
IMMUNOLOGY
Non-specific protection mechanisms of the skin and mucosa: structure, integrity, dynamic phenomena, normal bacterial flora.
Phagocytosis: professional and occasional phagocytes, opsonins, phagocytosis mechanisms, fate of phagocyted microorganisms,
survival consequences.
Antigens: chemical-physical characters, determinants or epitopes, haptenes and carriers, immunogenicity, thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens.
Humoral immunity: primary and secondary lymphoid organs, lymphocyte classes, antibody production, structure and classes of
immunoglobulins, distribution.
Local and cell-mediated immunity.
Primary and secondary response, memory, lymphocyte recirculation.
Active immunity: infection, vaccination, types of vaccine, methods of administration.
Passive immunity: transplacental, colostral, by immune sera.
Complement: components, classical and alternative activation route, functions.
Interferons: classes, production, biological meaning in antiviral defence and in the immune and delayed responses.
Immediate and delayed immune hypersensitivity.
Serological reactions: precipitation, agglutination, hemagglutination and its inhibition, neutralization, complement fixation
immunofluorescence, radioimmune and immunenzymatic techniques