HUMAN ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
cod. 15945

Academic year 2008/09
1° year of course - Second semester
Professor
Academic discipline
Anatomia umana (BIO/16)
Field
Scienze biologiche e psicologiche
Type of training activity
Basic
30 hours
of face-to-face activities
2 credits
hub:
course unit
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Learning objectives

<strong>The course is designed to give the student the fundamental knowledge of the general anatomy with special emphasis on the locomotor and nervous systems.</strong>

Prerequisites

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Course unit content

<strong>HISTOLOGY<br />
1. The cell, structural unit of all living organisms.<br />
Structural aspects on light and electron microscopy of the cells and their organelles. <br />
The human supracellular units, namely tissues, multi-tissue units and morpho-functional units. The most important units of measurement used in histology. <br />
Stem and differentiated cells.<br />
2. Epithelial tissues.<br />
a) Covering epithelia: classification. Form and characteristics of epithelial cells.<br />
b) Glandular epithelia: structure of the glands of the body.<br />
3. Tropho-mechanical tissues.<br />
a) Connective tissues: their three classes of components: cells, fibers and ground substance.<br />
b) Adipose tissues: unilocular adipose tissue and multilocular adipose tissue.<br />
c) Cartilage: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage.<br />
d) Bone tissues: bone cells, bone matrix, type of bone, bone growth and remodelling.<br />
e) Blood and lymph: serum, plasma and formed elements of blood.<br />
4. Nervous tissue.<br />
a) Nervous tissue of the central nervous system: neurons, cell body, dendrites and axon. Synaptic communication. Membrane potentials. White and grey matter. Glial cells.<br />
b) Nervous tissue of the peripheral nervous system: nerve fibers, nerves and ganglia.<br />
5. Muscle tissues.<br />
a) Striated skeletal muscle tissue: organization of skeletal muscle fibers.<br />
b) Striated cardiac muscle tissue: organization of cardiac muscle fibers.<br />
c) Smooth muscle tissue: organization of smooth muscle fibers.<br />
6. Human Embryology.<br />
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Fertilization and evolution of the zygote. Morphological aspects of the development: I, II, III and IV week of development.<br />
Embryonic development of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.  <br />
Structure of placenta.<br />
Surface Anatomy: head and neck, thorax, abdomen, limbs, pelvis.<br />
Locomotor System<br />
Overview of the Bones, Joints, Muscles.<br />
Axial : Skull,  Spine, Thorax. temporo-mandibular joint, intervertebral joints, joints of the ribs. Muscles of the head and neck, Muscles of the back, Muscles of the abdomen wall, Muscles of the pelvic floor.<br />
Appendicular : <br />
The scapular girdle: bones, joints and muscles.<br />
Superior Limb: Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Bones of the Hand.  Joints: shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand. Muscles of the arm, Muscles of the wrist, Muscles of the fingers of the hand.<br />
Inferior Limb: Pelvis, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Bones of the Foot. Joints: hip, knee, foot. Muscles of the pelvis, of the thigh, of the leg and the foot.<br />
Splancnology<br />
Overview of the anatomy of the Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Digestive and Urogenital systems, with functional correlations.<br />
The Nervous System <br />
Gross anatomy and structure of the spinal cord and the brain-stem. The cerebellum: structure, afferent and efferent pathways. The thalamus and hypothalamus. The basal ganglia. The brain cortex: structure and areas. The motor and sensory pathways. Neuromuscular spindles and the proprioceptive system. Anatomical basis of  reflexes.<br />
Overview of the autonomic nervous system.<br />
Peripheral nervous System: the spinal nerves; the plexuses: cervical, brachial and lumbosacral (dorsal, ventral and collateral branches). The intercostal nerves. Dermatomery. Peripheral distribution of cranial nerves.<br />
</strong> 

Full programme

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Bibliography

<strong>F.H. Martini, Anatomia Umana EdiSES (http://www.edises.it) <br />
P. Govoni – Appunti e Tavole di Istologia – Ed. Libreria Universitaria Santa Croce.<br />
P. Govoni – Appunti e Tavole di Embriologia– Ed. Libreria Universitaria Santa Croce.<br />
P. Carinci et al.- CITOLOGIA & ISTOLOGIA UMANA; Idelson-Gnocchi<br />
R.A. Bergman, A.K. Afifi, P.M. Heidger jr – ISTOLOGIA; EdiSES<br />
L. Junqueira, Carneiro, Kelley - COMPENDIO DI ISTOLOGIA; Ed. Piccin</strong>

Teaching methods

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Assessment methods and criteria

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Other information

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