MICROBIOLOGY

 Bacteriology
General characters of prokaryotic cell
         Morphology of prokaryotic cell
         Prokaryotic cell structures (cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, nucleus, flagella, pili and          fimbriae, capsule, endospores)
         Notes on bacterial metabolism and replication
Microbial pathogenicity
         Host-microbe interactions
         Normal flora of humans
         Microbial pathogenicity and potential virulence factors (adhesins, enzymes, bacterial          toxins)
Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial diseases
         Bacterial (components) detection and identification. Notes on laboratory methods (sample          collection and transport, microscopic examination, cultural examination, bacterial          identification, molecular biology approaches)
         Antibody detection (notes)
Antibiotics and synthetic antimicrobial agents; methods for antibacterial susceptibility testing (notes)
Important pathogenic bacteria (notes)
-          Staphylococci (S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci)
-          Streptococci (Group A beta-haemolitic streptococci, Pneumococci)
-          Neisseria meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae
-          Corynebacterium diphtheriae
-          Mycobacteria
-          Enteropathogenic Gram-negative bacteria: Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Campylobacter and Vibrio
-          Clostridia (C. tetani, C. perfringens and C. botulinum)
-          Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria causing nosocomial infections: Pseudomonas and S. aureus.
 
Mycology
General characters of fungi
The fungal cell, the fungal colony; Yeasts and moulds
Classification of mycoses; Common human mycoses
Antifungal agents
 
Parasitology
Protozoa: Lyfe cicles - notes
-Intestinal parasites:
 Giardia intestinalis
 Cryptosporidium
 Entamoeba histolytica
-Tissues and blood parasites:
 Toxoplasma gondii
 Plasmodium
 Leishmania
 Free living amebas (Acanthamoeba)
- Uro-genital tract parasites:
 Trichomonas vaginalis
Helminths: Lyfe cicles - notes
- Cestodes:
 Taenia solium
 Taenia saginata
 Diphyllobotrium latum
 Echinococcus
- Nematodes:
 Enterobius vermicularis
 Ascaris lumbricoides
 Strongyloides stercoralis
 Trichinella spiralis
Arthropods: Lyfe cicles - notes
 Sarcoptes scabiei
 Pediculus humanus var. corporis and var. capitis
 
Virology
Morphological and structural characteristics of viruses
         Definition
         Size and morphology
         Chemical composition
         Nucleic acids
Classification of viruses (notes)
Viral replicative cycle
         Attachment
         Entry
         Uncoating
         Genome expression and replication
Virus cultivation
         Laboratory animals, embryonated chicken eggs, cell cultures
         Cytopathic effects
Laboratory diagnosis of viral infection
         Clinical samples (collection, transport and storage criteria)
         Virus (components) detection (cytologic evaluation, viral culture, rapid antigen detection,          gene amplification)
         Antibody detection techniques
Common human viral diseases