PHYSICS II (ELECTROMAGNETISM OPTICS)
cod. 16540

Academic year 2007/08
1° year of course - Second semester
Professor
Academic discipline
Fisica applicata (a beni culturali, ambientali, biologia e medicina) (FIS/07)
Field
Scienze propedeutiche
Type of training activity
Basic
48 hours
of face-to-face activities
4 credits
hub:
course unit
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Learning objectives

<br />The most specific contents of the course are essentially intended to cover the basic aspects of the Physics regarding the electric, magnetic, and radiative properties, with a double purpose:<br />1) to give the necessary elements propaedeutic to other disciplines of this degree which have a direct physical foundation or should make frequent implicit use of Physics concepts (Chemistry, Biology, Biochemistry, Physiology, Instrumentation, Radiological instruments, etc.); 2) to lead the student to reach a deeper confidence about phenomenologies of daily use, but not always clear, as: light and its properties, also with reference to the most usual optical devices, and eye physical defects; electric and magnetic forces; laws governing potentials and currents; the basic electrical and magnetical ingredients; the substantial differences between continuous and alternate situations; features of the electromagnetic field and its propagation; atomic and nuclear structures with particular regard to X, alpha, beta and gamma radiative emissions; perturbation induced by radiation in the matter; revelation and control methods.        

Prerequisites

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Course unit content

<br />Electricity and Magnetism:<br />Electric charge and Coulomb’s law – Dielectric constant – The electric field – Electric work and electrostatic potential - Volt –Dipolar field and potential –The electric double layer - Eletctrocardiogram (dipolar aspects) – Gauss’s theorem  e its basic applications – Faraday shield – Electrostatic induction and dielectric polarization – Capacitance and capacitors – Capacitors combined in series and parallel – Current intensity and current density - Ohm’s law and resistance - Resistors combined in series e parallel – Electromotive force – Kirchhoff’s laws – Thermic effect of a current – Electric conduction in liquids – Passage of the current in the human body –Electronic structure of insulators, conductors and semiconductors (short account) – Magnetic field and forces on currents and magnets - Biot/Savart law – Magnetic permeability – Circulation of B and  Ampère’s theorem - Solenoid – Electromagnetic induction and Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws – The autoinduction coefficient L –Alternate tension and current – Impedance of a circuit and dissipated AC power – Electromagnetic waves – Photoelectric effect and photons – Thermoionic emission<br />Optics:<br />Reflection and refraction laws and dispersion of the light – Total reflection and optical fiber – The endoscope (short account ) - Elements of spectral analysis – Optical systems, focal points, and dioptric power – Thin lenses and mirrors, and graphic construction of the images - Compound microscope – Resolution limit – Optical aberrations – The eye as a dioptric system – Common dioptric defects of the eye and correction by thin lenses – Wave properties of the light – Light diffraction and Huyghens' principle -  Diffraction grating  - Polarization of the light and polarimetry – Laser light: production, properties and applications in Medicine – The electronic microscope (short account).<br />Atom, Nucleus, and Radiations:<br />Atomic structure - Bohr and Bohr/Sommerfeld models of the atom –  Emission and absorption of photons, and luminescence – X-rays: production and properties – Mechanisms of X-ray absorption in the matter – Radiological imaging – Nucleus structure and isotopes – Natural radioactivity: alpha, beta, and gamma radiation and absorption properties – Radioactive decay and mean life.

Full programme

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Bibliography

<br />Suggested textbooks:<br />J. W. Kane – M. M. Sternheim: Fisica Biomedica, ed. E.M.S.I. (Roma).<br />D.Halliday-R.Resnick-J.Walker: Fondamenti di Fisica, Casa Ed. Ambrosiana (Milano).<br />P.A.Tipler: Invito alla Fisica, ed. Zanichelli (Bologna). <br />F. Borsa – D. S. Scannicchio: Fisica, ed. UNICOPLI (Milano). <br />D. M. Burns – G. C. MacDonald: Fisica, ed. Zanichelli (Bologna).<br />M. Celasco: Lineamenti di Fisica Medica, ed. E.C.I.G. (Genova).<br />N. Molho: Fondamenti di Fisica, ed. Monduzzi (Bologna).

Teaching methods

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Assessment methods and criteria

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Other information

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