Learning objectives
The aim of the course is to provide the basic knowledge on the analytical methods and processes that define the chemical and isotopic compositions of the natural waters.
Course unit content
The hydrologic cycle. Composition and classification of the waters. Equilibria in aqueous solutions. The solubility of minerals and rocks (carbonate, silicate). Redox processes. Ion exchange processes (exchange coefficients, composition of the exchanger). Hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of natural waters. Salt waters and evaporative concentration. Speciation program for waters. The geothermal waters: composition and distribution in a geothermal field. The alteration minerals. The geothermometers. Determination of alkalinity (Gran method and colorimetric method), hardness, main cations and anions, oxygen a nd hydrogen isotope of the water molecule. Field training includes the water sampling methods and the labile parameter determinations.
Bibliography
Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution. Appelo and Postma