ORGANIC CHEMISTRY B
Learning outcomes of the course unit
The objectiveof the course is to give the tools for the comprehension of the chemicalbehaviour of polyfunctional organic molecules.
Prerequisites
Knowledge of the arguments developed in the Organic Chemistry A course
Course contents summary
Benzene structure andaromaticity concept: phenols and anilines, electrophilic aromatic substitution.Enolates: aldol condensation, intramolecular aldol condensation, mixed aldolcondensation, kinetic and thermodynamic control; Claisen condensation, mixedClaisen condensation. Enamines: alkyation and acylation. The acetoacetic andmalonic syntheses. Addition to alfa,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds: theMichael reaction. Conjugates dienes: 1,2 and 1,4 addition reactions, kineticand thermodynamic control. The Diels-Alder reaction: mechanism and stereochemistry.Polymers: nomenclature, classification and properties (melting point,crystallinity, amorphism). Condensation polymers: polyamides, polyesters,polycarbonates, polyurethanes, epoxy resins. Addition polymers: chain growth mechanism(initiation, propagation, termination) and transposition phenomena; theZiegler-Natta catalysts. Carbohydrates: classification, the Fisher and Howart formulasfor monosaccharides representation; glycosides formation. Disaccharides,oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Lipids: classification. Triglycerides,prostaglandins, phospholipids and soluble vitamins. Steroids and biliary acids;the cholesterol biosynthesis. The organic chemistry of the metabolism: the fourreactions of the beta-oxidation of fat acids and the ten reactions of theglycolysis. Amino acids: nomenclature and classification; acid-base properties;amino acids distribution equilibriums as function of pH; isoelectric point ofamino acids and gel electrophoresis. Polypeptides and proteins: primary, secondary,tertiary and quaternary structures; primary structure polypeptidedetermination: chemical digestion and chromatographic analysis, use ofrestriction enzymes and of cyanogen bromide, Edman degradation; polypeptidesynthesis. Nucleic acids: nucleosides and nucleotides; DNA structure; theribonucleic acids.
Recommended readings
Brown & Foote, “Chimica Organica – Seconda Edizione” EdiSES