Learning objectives
<br />Knowledge of the fundamentals of chemistry, with particular attention to the equilibria in aqueous solutions and to the chemistry of compounds of natural origin.
Course unit content
<br />Structure of the atom. The periodic table of the elements. Molecules and chemical bonding. Ionic and covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. Molecular models: Lewis structures, valence bond, hybrid orbitals, resonance, sigma and pi bonds. Geometry of molecules and ions. <br />Gases: laws of ideal gases, partial pressure. Liquids: properties, changes of state, phase diagram of water. Solutions: concentration, molarity, colligative properties, Osmosis. Chemical reactions: Acid-base reactions, conjugated acids and bases, pH. Titrations. Stoichiometry. Dynamic equilibrium and equilibrium constant in solution. Dissociation constant for weak acids and bases. Buffer solutions. Hydrolysis. Redox reactions. Standard half-cell potentials, Nernst equation, prediction of the direction of a redox reaction. Thermodinamics: state functions, first and second principle, entropy, frre energy change of a reaction, relationship to equilibrium constant and to the difference in reduction potentials. <br />Rate of reaction, effect of the temperature.
Bibliography
Textbook: Silberberg, M.S 'Chimica - La natura molecolare della materia e delle sue trasformazioni' Editore McGrow-Hill<br />