MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

BACTERIOLOGY

• Shape, size, spatial arrangement.
• Structure of the prokaryotic cell: nucleus, cytoplasm, cytoplasmatic inclusions, ribosomes, plasmids, cytoplasmatic membrane, mesosomes, gram-positive and gram-negative walls, flagellum, adhesion organs, capsules, antigens.
• Wall-defective bacteria: protoplasts, spheroplasts, L-forms.
• Nutrition and metabolism: energy production, aerobiosis and anaerobiosis, respiration and fermentation, biosynthesis of the main cell elements.
• Culture: chemical-physical factors affecting bacterial replication, simple and complex, liquid and solid,  enriching and selective isolating culture media.
• Reproduction: splitting, growth curve and chemical-physical factors affecting it.
• Bacterial identification.
• General taxonomic characteristics: staphylococci, streptococci, corynebacteria, bacilli, clostridia, listeriae,  actinomycetes, campylobacters, enterobacteria, moraxellae, bordetellae, neisseriae, pseudomonas, alcaligenes, aeromonas, vibrios, yersiniae, pasteurellae, brucellae, hemophyli, spirochete, mycobacteria, rickettsias, chlamydias, mycoplasmas.
• Genetics: mutations, recombinations, (transformation, conjugation, transduction), phagic conversion, R plasmids and  pathogenicity plasmids (pilus-like structures, Col, Ent, Hly).
• Biotechnology: basic concepts and techniques.
• Pathogenic action: pathogenicity, virulence, infectivity, receptivity, infection, disease, healthy carrier; pathogenicity factors (adhesion structures, invasive factors, anti-phagocytic defence, endo- and exotoxin elaboration).
• Molecular techniques applied to diagnosis of infectious diseases: basic concepts.
• Genesis and evolution of an infectious disease: primary lesion, dissemination, tropisms.
• Basic knowledge of disinfection: aims, limits, main classes of disinfectants.
• Antibiotics: classes and mechanisms of action.

VIROLOGY

• Chemical composition, size and structure of complex, cubic-helical symmetry viruses, capsid, capsomers, peplos,  peplomers
• Bacteriophages: morphology and structure, lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle.
• Interaction between viruses and eukaryotic cells attachment, penetration, replication, maturation, release
• Culture: tissue cultures, cell cultures, animals, embryonated eggs. Viral replication culture and detection methods.
• Virus titration: physical, biological, hemagglutination methods.
• General taxonomic characteristics of DNA and RNA viruses .
• Non-conventional infectious diseases

IMMUNOLOGY

• Non-specific protection mechanisms of the skin and mucosa: structure, integrity, dynamic phenomena, normal bacterial flora.
• Phagocytosis: professional and occasional phagocytes, opsonins, phagocytosis mechanisms, fate of phagocyted microorganisms, survival consequences.
• Antigens: chemical-physical characters, determinants or epitopes, haptenes and carriers, immunogenicity, thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens.
• Humoral immunity: primary and secondary lymphoid organs, lymphocyte classes, antibody production, structure and classes of  immunoglobulins, distribution.
• Local and cell-mediated