DISEASES OFTHE VISUAL SYSTEM (F)
Learning outcomes of the course unit
learning of the basis knowledge of binocular vision and correct utilization of diagnostic tests
Course contents summary
General concepts about ocular imbalance.
Heterophoria: physiopathology. Esophoria and exophoria
Intermittent strabismus and heterophoria
Physiopathology of heterotropia. General concepts about esotropia, exotropia, vertical strabismus and alphabetic syndromes.
Strabismic and/or anisometropic amblyopia: diagnosis, measurement, treatment (patching, penalization), and follow-up.
Nystagmus: physiologic, congenital, acquired.
Oculomotor palsy: congenital, acquired, secondary.
The diplopia, the confusion, and the past-pointing. Study of extraocular muscles, and cranial nerves function.
Examination of ocular motility: cover test, corneal reflexes, pseudo-strabismus.
Incomitant deviation: measurement and diagnosis (cover test, Hess-Lancaster Test, Bielschowski test, examination of diplopia).
The anomalous head position: congenital and acquired.
Examination of binocular vision: suppression in the binocular visual field, retinal rivalry, normal ad anomalous retinal correspondence, stereopsis.
Examination of fixation.
Recommended readings
Burian, Hermann M.; Von Noorden, Gunter K.
Binocular vision and ocular motility : theory and management of strabismus / Hermann M. Burian, Gunter K. Von Noorden
Saint Louis [etc.] : Mosby, 1974
RiccardoFrosini.
Diagnosi e terapia dello strabismo e delle anomalie oculomotorie. SEE Editrice Firenze, 1998
Teaching methods
Frontal lesson
Assessment methods and criteria
multiple choice quizzes