DISEASES OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM

 General concepts about ocular imbalance.
 Heterophoria: physiopathology. Esophoria and exophoria
 Intermittent strabismus and heterophoria
 Physiopathology of heterotropia. General concepts about esotropia, exotropia, vertical strabismus and alphabetic syndromes.
 Strabismic and/or anisometropic amblyopia: diagnosis, measurement, treatment (patching, penalization), and follow-up.
 Nystagmus: physiologic, congenital, acquired.
 Oculomotor palsy: congenital, acquired, secondary.
 The diplopia, the confusion, and the past-pointing. Study of extraocular muscles, and cranial nerves function.
 Examination of ocular motility: cover test, corneal reflexes, pseudo-strabismus.
 Incomitant deviation: measurement and diagnosis (cover test, Hess-Lancaster Test, Bielschowski test, examination of diplopia).
 The anomalous head position: congenital and acquired.
 Examination of binocular vision: suppression in the binocular visual field, retinal rivalry, normal ad anomalous retinal correspondence, stereopsis.
 Examination of fixation.