FLUID MACHINERY FOR THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Learning outcomes of the course unit
According to the domestic classification, “Macchine” include both fluid machinery (meant as components), and power plants (meant as primary energy converters). Intended to be a continuation of the course given at the third year (Macchine AB), this one completes the knowledge, as for theory and computational skills, required by a modern mechanical engineer.
Knowledge and understanding:
Development of the ability to design and select the fluid machinery used in food industries.
Applying knowledge and understanding:
The student should be able to set the design of fluid machinery
Making judgments:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to evaluate, with critical mind, the best solutions in the field of fluid machinery used in the food industry.
Communication skills:
The student should be able to clearly present the knowledge acquired by the course.
Prerequisites
Macchine (fundamentals), i.e.: Fundamentals of Heat Engines (AKA Thermal Machines), Fundamentals of Pumps & Compressors, Fundamentals of Turbomachines
Fluid Machinery
Course contents summary
Fundamental equations of fluid flow.
Pumps, compressors and motors.
Hydraulic turbines.
Internal combustion engines.
The purpose of the course is to present a review of the main fluid machines which found applications in the food industries.
Course contents
Analysis criteria for fluid machinery: St. Venant equation, Hugoniot equation, orifice equation, bulk modulus, high temperature dissociation, adiabatic temperature of combustion products, flame structure, similarity in the study of fluid machinery.
Reciprocating compressors, clearance volume, staging, intercooling; rotary (displacement) compressors, internal and backflow compression; reciprocating and rotary pumps, pressure ripples and dampers. Centrifugal pumps, theoretical and actual characteristics, radial thrust, multistage pumps, cavitation, priming, peripheral pumps, series and parallel. Turbo-compressors, stall, surge, multistage compressor characteristic, operating field, choking, rotating stall. Free leaks pumps; ejector.
Fundamentals of thermal plants, cycles and pseudo-cycles, 2nd law, quality number for direct cycles, fuel types and their properties;
Sizing of hydro-power plants. hydraulic turbines, types and their vector-diagrams, exhaust diffuser, cavitation.
Combined cycle power plants: topper vs bottomer power ratio, dual-pressure HRSGs. Combined heat and power plants (CHP).
Fundamentals of internal combustion engines, standard fuel-air cycles, volumetric efficiency, mean effective pressure, combustion process, energy balance, mechanical losses, turbo-charging and mechanical charging. Engine map and automotive applications. Pollutant emissions.
Analysis criteria for fluid machinery: St. Venant equation, Hugoniot equation, orifice equation, bulk modulus, high temperature dissociation, adiabatic temperature of combustion products, flame structure, similarity in the study of fluid machinery.
Reciprocating compressors, clearance volume, staging, intercooling; rotary (displacement) compressors, internal and backflow compression; reciprocating and rotary pumps, pressure ripples and dampers. Centrifugal pumps, theoretical and actual characteristics, radial thrust, multistage pumps, cavitation, priming, peripheral pumps, series and parallel. Turbo-compressors, stall, surge, multistage compressor characteristic, operating field, choking, rotating stall. Free leaks pumps; ejector.
Fundamentals of thermal plants, cycles and pseudo-cycles, 2nd law, quality number for direct cycles, fuel types and their properties;
Recommended readings
Textbooks
Dossena, Ferrari, Gaetani, et al. - Macchine a Fluido - Città Studi Edizioni
Caputo C. - Gli impianti convertitori di energia - Masson, Milano
Caputo C. - Le macchine volumetriche - Masson, Milano
Caputo C. - Le turbomacchine - Masson, Milano
Ferrari-Motori a combustione interna - Il Capitello
To learn more:
Acton O. & Caputo C. - Collana di Macchine a fluido, 4 voll.- UTET, Torino
Lozza G. - Turbine a gas e cicli combinati - Progetto Leonardo, Bologna
Heywood - Internal combustion engines - McGraw Hill
Testi - Textbooks
Caputo C. - Gli impianti convertitori di energia - Masson, Milano
Caputo C. - Le macchine volumetriche - Masson, Milano
Caputo C. - Le turbomacchine - Masson, Milano
Dossena, Ferrari, Gaetani, Montenegro, Onorati, Persico - Macchine a fluido - Città studi Edizioni
Testi di approfondimento - To learn more:
Acton O. & Caputo C. - Collana di Macchine a fluido, 4 voll.- UTET, Torino
Haywood R.W. - Analysis of engineering cycles 3rd ed. - Pergamon press, Oxford
G.Vetter – Leak-free pumps and compressors – Oxford Elsevier
J. Davidson - Process pump selection – Bury St. Edmund, Professional Eng. Pub.
Teaching methods
lectures
Lectures
Assessment methods and criteria
Written test: exercise and questions (2 h).
Oral test: in order to undergo the oral test, the student must have completed the written test on a scheduled date (see the official calendar).
Oral test.
Other informations
Lecture attendances is highly recommended.
Some numerical exercises are presented.Lectures attendance is highly recommended
